Pahlevani and zoorkhaneh rituals is the name inscribed by UNESCO for varzesh-e pahlavani  or varzesh-e bastani  bāstānī, "ancient sport", a traditional system of athletics originally used to train Persian warriors in Iran (Persia) and adjacent lands since the Achaemenid Empire. Outside Iran, zoorkhānehs can be found in Azerbaijan.

It combines martial arts, calisthenics, strength training and music. Recognized by UNESCO as among the world's longest-running forms of such training, it fuses elements of pre-Islamic Persian culture (particularly Zoroastrianism, Mithrāism and Gnosticism) with the spirituality of Shia Islam and Sufism. Practiced in a domed structure called the zurkhaneh, training sessions consist mainly of ritual gymnastic movements and climax with the core of combat practice, a form of submission-grappling called koshti pahlavani.